What is
Golan Heights?
Israel seized the strategic plateau from
Syria in the Six-Day War in 1967, subsequently annexing it in 1981 in a
move never recognized by the international community.
About the people of Golan Heights
There are about
40,000 people living in the Golan. Around half of them are Jewish settlers. The
rest are Druze and a small minority of Alawites.
Druze are Arabs who practice an offshoot of Islam. Many of them consider themselves Syrian. Alawites are a branch of Shiite Islam. Syrian President Bashar Assad and key figures in his regime are Alawites.
Druze are Arabs who practice an offshoot of Islam. Many of them consider themselves Syrian. Alawites are a branch of Shiite Islam. Syrian President Bashar Assad and key figures in his regime are Alawites.
Israeli claims and a UN rebuff
Israel
took control over the western two-thirds of the Golan Heights, which was
previously part of Syria, during the Six-Day War in 1967. The eastern portion
of Golan remained under the control of the Syrian Arab Republic.
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The
western section of the Golan remained occupied by the Israeli army from 1967
until December 14, 1981, when the Israeli government passed the Golan Heights
Law, essentially annexing the area.
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The United
States is the only country that has signaled a willingness to recognize Israel's
sovereignty over the Golan Heights.
What is Six-day war
The “six Day war” Israel conducted a
pre-emptive attack against Egypt and gained control over territory formerly
controlled by Egypt, Syria and Jordan.
The immediate result was the defeat of the combined armies of
Syria, Egypt and Jordan and the capture by Israel of all of the Sinai
Peninsula, all of the West Bank and a big part of the Golan Heights from Syria.
The immediate result was not only totally devastating
for the regimes but also for the people of Palestine who were living in the
West Bank as well as in Gaza.
Israel
began establishing a settlement in Gaza, the Sinai Peninsula, the west bank,
east Jerusalem
Israel and the U.S Support
The U.S has played a significant role as the
mediator role in the Israeli Palestine conflict. After the failed 2000
Camp David Summit, Washington never made any meaningful attempt to push
the Israelis to accept the two-state proposal.
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The 2007 Annapolis conference was a
failure too. The previous U.S administration launched a peace bid which also
collapsed at an early stage.
The U.S.A has been criticized by
the OIC (organization of Islamic cooperation) and other Arab organization,
for vetoing most Security Council decision critical of Israel.
The U.S.A has more Jews than Israel. Jews
have significant control over the US media and economy.
Also, Israel receives about 3$ billion in
direct foreign assistance each year, which is roughly one-fifth of America’s
entire foreign aid budget. On the other side, United States has been vocal
about its intention to veto any Palestinian bid for statehood. Due to which
Palestine had to be satisfied with a non-member observer status in UN.
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The second term of previous administration
saw a degrading US-Israel relationship. Iran Nuclear deal of 2015 irritated
Israel and it criticized the US for the deal.
With the new presidency regime under America,
who is more inclined to Israel, the illegal settlement by Israel in the west
bank and Gaza may see a rise.
Australia recognized west Jerusalem as the
capital of Israel in December 2018. Australia also supported the two state solutions
while Israel and Palestine fight un Jerusalem. Most of the foreign
nations have avoided moving embassies until the city gets final status. US
President Trump first moved US embassy in 2018.
The Israel- Palestine conflict- often
referred to as the world’s most intractable conflict. It is a dispute over land
as claimed by Jews and Arabs. Jews claim that they have a birthright on
Palestine, and seek for self-determination. Despite repeated attempts to
end the conflict between the two countries, there is no peace settlement in
sight.
The Israeli- Palestinian conflict is over who
gets what portion of land and how it’s controlled. Though both Jew and Arab
Muslim claims to the land back a couple thousand years, the current political
conflict began in the early 20th century.
Israel is the world’s only Jewish state,
located in the east of the Mediterranean Sea. Palestinians are the Arabic
population that comes from the land Israel now controls.
Resolutions- 242, and 338
In response the war, the UN
Security Council passes resolution 242, which calls for the
withdrawal of Israel armed forces from territories occupied in the recent
conflict.
Egypt and Syria organized a surprise attack
on Israeli forces in the Sinai Peninsula and the Golan heights on the day of
the Muslim month of Ramadan, in which the annual fast is performed.
The UN Security Council passes resolution
338, which calls for an immediate cease- fire.
Historical background: The Zionist
Movement
The land of Palestine is very important to
the three Abrahamic religions (Judaism, Christianity, and Islam). Palestinian
residents want to establish a state by the name on all or part of the same
land.
Historically, the majority of Jews lived in
Europe. Over the years, Jews were treated miserably in Europe. They were
treated like the weird sect, accused of the killing of Christ, blamed for some
of the misfortunes that happened to Europe, etc.
European Jews were perceived as the evil and
blamed for many things. Over that time, the idea of creating a Jewish State
came up to free Jews from the tyrants of medieval Europe.
During the late 19th century, and as Europe
was being shaped by nationalistic waves that led to the rise of the Nazi, Jews
of Europe didn’t fit in the mostly Christian Europe—things just started to
become worse for the majority of them.
The idea of creating a Jewish state
became an urgent need as the rise of Hitler was worst for Jews. The Holocaust,
also referred to as the Shoah, was a genocide during World War II in which Nazi
Germany, aided by its collaborators, systematically murdered some six million
European Jews, around two-thirds of the Jewish population of Europe, between
1941 and 1945.
Zionism is a controversial movement largely made up of
secular Jews, fueled by a desire to achieve and maintain a Jewish state in the
"Holy Land". And, The Zionist movement is a movement of world Jewry
that arose late in the 19th century with the aim of creating a Jewish state in Palestine
The Holocaust
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Jews, wanted their own state and in the
justification of why Palestine, historian believe it’s to do with the fact that
Palestine is important to the Jewish faith, as it’s important to other faiths
as well, but anyway so the idea was appealing at first, and more so as the
Ottoman Empire was at its deathbed, so Jews of Europe thought that Palestine
was a good idea.
However, the Arabs resisted, seeing the land
as rightfully theirs. Arab nationals battled several wars over the
territory.
Today’s lines largely echo the consequences
of two of these wars, one happened in 1948 and another in 1967. The 1967 war is
chiefly important for today’s conflict, as it left Israel in control of the
west bank and Gaza strip, two territories home to large Palestinian
populations.
Jordan established control over the west bank
with the agreement of Israel and Egypt established control of the Gaza strip.
Control of Jerusalem is split between Israel in the west and Jordan in the
east.
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