Introduction- Afghanistan lies in the central Asia and the
place is strategically important for India as well as the world. There are
three powers – First, Elected Government which is trying hard to build the
democracy. Second Taliban- it has various sub types of it. Taliban is a
terrorist organization and their agenda remains against the world peace. Third
group which took hold after getting defeated from Iraq and Syria named as
Islamic State has grown more and their recruitment and network is stronger.
What are
the Present challenges/ Situations Afghanistan?
1. Civil
war has brought a variety of social ills in Afghanistan, such as
poverty, interethnic strife, inequality of women, and widespread thievery,
kidnapping, and banditry. Blood feuds handed down through generations are
legendary, and revenge is regarded as a necessary redress of wrongs.
The civil war has strengthened these tendencies.
2. The
ongoing civil war had continued to kill, wound, and displace hundreds of
thousands of civilians. Kabul has been largely without electricity since
1994.
3. Water,
phones, and sewage systems have been destroyed. Years of war have separated and
impoverished extended families that traditionally cared for widows and
fatherless children. Now many are left to fend for themselves.
4. Some
provinces began experiencing famine in the 1990s and diseases of malnutrition
are being reported for the first time in decades.
Afghanistan
does not have strong government. The more money government
tries to spend in this environment, which has very limited human resources and
institutional capacity, inevitably money overflows into the pockets of corrupt
officials. Aid programs are actually fueling the corruption, which is
de-legitimizing the government, which is fueling instability.
5. There are different groups which are operating on its
territory like Taliban. There are various version of Taliban which are going
on. When government wants to negotiate they are not often able to negotiate
with groups collectively.
6. Islamic state also got a strong network in Afghanistan
A Way
Ahead—
1. There
is need a clear plan for transition. When US invaded Afghanistan and attacked
Taliban, it was left without further plans.
2. The
military should have civil-military war plans.
3. The
quality of Police Services and Afghanistan Security Forces has to be improved.
4. International
community should have clear picture of the need for new forms of transition
aid, how it will deal with the Afghan government’s request for transition aid,
or what level of aid will be forthcoming.
5. There
should be clear picture of Peace negotiations.
6. Reduction
in tensions between Pakistan and Afghanistan may help.
